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煤气化工艺对人体的危害有多大?

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richardpai 发表于 2007-3-4 17:43 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<p>将要去煤气化制二甲醚的公司上班,不知这套工艺对人体危害有多大?请指教。</p>
lsswyb 发表于 2007-3-5 01:11 | 显示全部楼层
网上看到了一些有关二甲醚的性质,也许对你有帮助:<br/>健康危害:对中枢神经系统有抑制作用,麻醉作用弱。吸入后可引起麻醉、窒息感。对皮肤有刺激性。<br/>急救:迅速脱离现场至空气新鲜处。保持呼吸道通畅。如呼吸困难,给输氧。如呼吸停止,立即进行人工呼吸。就医。 <br/>危险特性:易燃气体。与空气混合能形成爆炸性混合物。接触热、火星、火焰或氧化剂易燃烧爆炸。接触空气或在光照条件下可生成具有潜在爆炸危险性的过氧化物。气体比空气重,能在较低处扩散到相当远的地方,遇火源会着火回燃。若遇高热,容器内压增大,有开裂和爆炸的危险。<br/>应急处理:迅速撤离泄漏污染区人员至上风处,并进行隔离,严格限制出入。切断火源。建议应急处理人员戴自给正压式呼吸器,穿防静电工作服。尽可能切断泄漏源。用工业覆盖层或吸附/ 吸收剂盖住泄漏点附近的下水道等地方,防止气体进入。合理通风,加速扩散。喷雾状水稀释、溶解。构筑围堤或挖坑收容产生的大量废水。漏气容器要妥善处理,修复、检验后再用。

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 楼主| richardpai 发表于 2007-3-5 01:15 | 显示全部楼层
<p>谢谢。</p><p>可能的职业危害并不只来自于二甲醚,还可能是甲醇,我想最主要的是煤或渣的粉尘的危害,希望能有有现场经验兄台来谈一谈。</p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-3-4 17:16:24编辑过]

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tckjwgq 发表于 2007-6-28 21:51 | 显示全部楼层
危害不大,关键看煤气化工艺设计,只要避免大的泄漏还是比较安全的。
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瑞气年 发表于 2007-6-29 17:14 | 显示全部楼层
<p>危害要分岗位,不同的岗位有不同的危险源,但现在企业设计时都按“三同时”进行,且企业都有健全的管理制度和职业健康安全认证,对危险源进行辨识和对员工进行培训,让其掌握所在生产装置的危害,做到预防。同时,企业都设有安全员,每天的工作就是检查生产厂所是否有不安全因素,并及时纠正和整改,确保安全生产。二甲醚生产危害介质主要有甲醇、煤粉尘、煤焦油、酚类物质、煤气、一些废气等,只要防护措施得当,不直接接触,人身安全是有保障的。</p>
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瑞气年 发表于 2007-6-29 17:29 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">CO<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">无色无臭</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沸点(常压)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">-192</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在空气中爆炸极:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">12.5~75%<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">空气中最高允许浓度:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">30 mg/m3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,毒性作用或危险特性与血红蛋白结合。防护方法和应急措施:白色过滤罐防毒面具和氧气、正压式空气呼吸器</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,转移新鲜空气处</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">CO<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">无色无臭</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沸点(常压)—</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">75</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">不燃,窒息性气体</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">通风置换、分析</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">O<sub>2</sub></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">含量,</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">转移新鲜空气处</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">H<sub>2</sub>S<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">臭鸡蛋气味</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="COLOR: #333333;">-60.7</span></font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">在空气中爆炸极限</span><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 华文仿宋;">4.3~45.5%</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp; </span></span></font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">空气中最高允许浓度:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10 mg/m3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">空气中硫化氢含量≥</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">毫克</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">升时,可使人立即中毒,继而痉挛、失去知觉而迅速死亡,通风置换、灰色过滤罐防毒面具和氧气、空气呼吸器</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">转移新鲜空气处</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、煤焦油</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">浓烈的臭味</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">易燃易爆上呼吸道刺激、皮肤接触后,发红、起水泡、水肿。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">通风置换、胶皮防护手套</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">皮肤接触后用大量清水清洗</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、酚(酚水)</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">空气中最高允许浓度</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5 mg/m3<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">腐蚀性,皮肤接触可引起发红、搔痒、重者皮肤脱落、变黑坏死,呼吸吸入头晕恶心、呕吐</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">通风置换、胶皮防护手套</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">眼睛接触后用大量清水清洗、皮肤接触用水清洗、医用酒清擦拭,就医</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">6</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、硫酸</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">纯品无色透明油状液体</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沸点</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><font face="Times New Roman">330</font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对皮肤、粘膜等组织有强烈的刺激和腐蚀作用</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">可能接触其蒸气或烟雾时,必须佩戴防毒面具或供气式头盔。紧急事态抢救或逃生时,建议佩带自给式呼吸器。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><br/></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">眼睛防护:戴化学安全防护眼镜。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">立即用水冲洗至少</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><font face="Times New Roman">15</font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">分钟,就医。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">灭火方法:砂土。禁止用水</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">7</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">、</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">SO<sub>2</sub><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">无色,具有窒息性特臭</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">沸点:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><font face="Times New Roman">-10</font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;">℃</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">眼及呼吸道粘膜有强烈的刺激作用。长期低浓度接触,可有头痛、头昏、乏力等全身症,不燃。</span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">空气中浓度超标时,佩戴自吸过滤式防毒面具</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">全面罩</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">。紧急事态抢救或撤离时,建议佩戴自给正压</span><span lang="EN-US" style="COLOR: #333333;"><font face="Times New Roman">.</font></span><span style="COLOR: #333333; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">用大量流动清水冲洗。就医。灭火剂:雾状水、泡沫、二氧化碳。</span></p>

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