2007 "ASME研讨会-上海"相关问题及专家答复

说明:


     2007年5月，在上海工程公司，由上海压力容器与管道专业委员会主办了一次“ASME研讨会”，与会人员向来作报告的美国专家提出了很多问题，经他们回去研究讨论后，给予了答复。


   如果对所作答复仍有异议，请直接与美国专家联系，联系方式在会议所发资料上可以找到。



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[ 本帖最后由 天涯海角 于 2007-11-22 08:58 编辑 ]

问题1-1： 在锅炉材料性能验收时，高温持久性能如何检验，因为锅炉设计中，高温持久性能是决定许用应力的主要指标？（SSEC）
Question1-1： How to examine the high temperature strength limit of material in accepting the material used for constructing boiler in view of that the high temperature strength limit is the key parameter to determine the allowable stress in boiler design?

Answer:  Tensile testing should be in accordance with the ASME material specification (SA-XXX or SB-XXX).  The construction Codes do not provide additional tensile testing requirements.  
答复：拉伸试验需要根据ASME规范中材料规范（SA-XXX或SB-XXX）来确定，在建造规范中没有提出附加的拉伸试验要求。



问题1-2： 按规范设计所使用的材料其冲击功值及冲击试验温度是如何给定的？如使用SA-516 Gr.70板，设备的设计温度分别为-30℃、-20℃、200℃，这时采购此材料时须提材料采购规范，那么采购规范应如何给出冲击值及冲击试验温度？（SSEC）
Q1-2： How to specify the impact energy and impact test temperature of the material in the Code? When using SA516 Gr.70,the design temperature of the item respectively is -30℃，-10℃ and 200℃ ,according to the QC procedure ,it is necessary to prepare the purchasing specification, how to specify the impact energy and impact test temperature in the purchasing specification?

Answer:  Follow the guidelines provided in the referenced general specification SA-20 section 4 Ordering Information para. 4.1.6 on impact test requirements.  Impact testing requirements are covered in the construction Codes.  E.g. SC VIII Fig. UCS-66 provides impact test exemptions.
答复：根据SA-20通用要求中的第4节，订货要求，其中的第4.1.6段，有对冲击试验的要求。冲击试验要求在建造规范中有提及，例如第八卷中图UCS-66提供了冲击试验免除的方法。


问题1-3： ASME 2004版开始规定UNS N08811(Incoloy 800HT)的许用应力在650℃以上开始，比2001版向下修正，其背景或原因是什么？
Q1-3：        In ASME Edition 2004, the allowable stress of UNS N08811(Incoloy 800HT) is specified from the temperature of 650 ℃ which is lower than that specified in Edition 2001. What is the background and reasons for this modification?

Answer:  The revision was approved under tracking number 89-028.  The "f" factor was applied which lowered the stress values.  The "f" factor is referring to Favg from SC II-D Appendix 1.
答复：版本修改的批准编号为89-028，“f"系数用来降低应力值，可参考SC II-D篇附录1

问题1-4：UNS N08811许用应力温度上限到898℃，实际在900℃以上工程实际应用很多，怎样考虑许用应力？
Q1-4： In allowable stress table in the code, the upper temperature limit of UNS N08811 is 898 ℃. However, in engineering practice, this material is often used at above 900 ℃. In that case, how to determine the allowable stress?

Answer:  A request should be made to raise the max. temperature of applicability limit by providing data in accordance with Appendix 5 of SC II-D.  
答复： 在SC II-D的附录5中，给出了提高最高温度时所适用的极限值要求。



问题1-5： 请问哪些牌号的镍基和难熔合金可用于950℃以上？
Q1-5：  Which kind of nickel based alloy and refractory alloy can be used above 950℃?

Answer:  Design questions which are consulting in nature cannot be answered by ASME.
答复：无法由ASME回答的根据实际运用的设计问题。



问题1-6： 材料牌号是如何标记的？例如标准中级别为70（485）的材料，当采用公制单位时，其标记是SA516GR70还是SA516GR485？（杭锅）
Q1-6： How to mark the identification of material? For example, for Gr70 (485), when SI unit is used, shall the material be marked as SA516GR70 or SA516GR485?

Answer:  When SI units are used, SA-516 Gr. 485 should be the designation provided.  There is a SC II-D Note(g) to Table 1A which makes mention of dual unit specifications.   
答复：在SC II-D对表1A的注解（g）双重单位制规定的说明中有规定，当采用SI公制单位制时，设计文件中注明SA-516 Gr. 485。



问题1-7： 当异种钢焊接需热处理时，如何确定焊后热处理温度？如SA335 P11(No.4/1),SA335 P22(No.5A/1),SA335 P91(No.5B/2)，异种钢材料的标称最低温度不同，分别为650℃,675℃ 和 705℃。当上述材料与碳钢（碳钢的热处理一般在600~650℃）焊接时，不能同时满足碳钢的温度上限与上述材料的温度下限的要求，如何协调热处理温度？（杭锅）
Q1-7： How to determine the Post Weld Heat Treatment temperature when the dissimilar steels are welded together?
For example, for SA335 P11(No.4/1),SA335 P22(No.5A/1),SA335 P91(No.5B/2), the minimum temperature is 650℃,675℃ and 705℃ respectively .When the above materials welded to CS (the heat treatment temperature is normally 600~650℃), the upper temperature limit of CS and the lower temperature limit cannot be satisfied at the same time. How to coordinate the final heat treatment temperature?

Answer:  See UCS 56(c) which states, “When pressure parts with two different P-Number groups are joined by welding, the postweld heat treatment shall be that specified in either of Tables UCS-56 or UHA-32, with applicable notes, for material requiring the higher postweld temperature. When nonpressure parts are welded to pressure parts, the postweld heat treatment temperature of the pressure part shall control.”
答复：见UCS-56(c)中：当两种不同P-No.组号材料的受压件相焊时，其焊后热处理应按表UCS-56或表UHA-32以及附注中热处理温度要求较高的材料进行。非受压件与受压件相焊时，应执行受压件的焊后热处理温度。



问题1-8： 材料SA203 Grade D和E与Grade F有何差别？
Q1-8： What the difference among SA203 Grade D, E and Grade F?

Answer:  SA-203 Grades E and F have the same chemical composition but all Grades (D, E, and F) have different mechanical properties (tensile and yield strength).
答复：SA-203，GrE和F，有着相同的化学成分，但所有的级别（D,E,F）有着不同的机械性能（拉伸和屈服强度）。



问题1-9： ASME第 II卷表U、Y-1的注（b）规定：“无论ASME材料标准还是第I卷、第III卷或第VII卷的规则都不要求对规范设备用产品材料做高温抗拉强度试验。如果进行这种试验，不要将这种试验结果与这些表中所列的强度值进行比较，来决定规范对材料是否验收/拒收。”请问：高温运行设备的材料力学性能如何考核？运行温度的力学性能试验是否要进行？是否可以只做室温力学性能试验？（上海核工院）
Q1-9： Both in ASME section II table U and table Y-1 note b, there are specification: Whatever the material standard is section I, section III or section VII, the high temperature tensile test is not required for the material used on the coded item. If this test been performed, do not determine the disposition (accept or reject) comparing the test value to the strength value shown on the table. How to qualify or certify the material physical property of the high temperature operating item? Is the physical property test of operation temperature required? Is it enough to only perform the physical property test at room temperature?

Answer:  Same answer as Q1-1.  Tensile testing should be in accordance with the ASME material specification (SA-XXX or SB-XXX).  The construction Codes do not provide additional tensile testing requirements.  
答复：答复如Q1-1问题一样。拉伸试验需要根据ASME规范中材料规范（SA-XXX或者SB-XXX）来确定，在建造规范中没有提出附加的拉伸试验要求。

问题1-10： GB6654中16MnR已被 code case 2506采用，案例中规定P-No.1材料适用UCS 66.1 Curve A。请问对这材料中考虑冲击试验时，用应力降低MDMT，或者采用正火材料取csc-66中曲线D，这些是否适用？（上海杨园）
Q1-10： In code case 2506, GB6654 16MnR has been accepted as P-No.1. For purpose of post weld heat treatment, it is considered that Curve A in UCS 66.1 fits for P-No.1. When taking into account impact test requirement, is it possible to reduce the MDMT using the ratio of stress? Or is it possible to use curve D in accordance with the fact that 16MnR is normalized?
Answer:  Yes the provisions given in UCS-66(b) may be used to further reduce the MDMT from Fig. UCS-66.  In addition if this material is produced to fine-grain practice and normalized it may be assigned to Curve B.
答复：是的，在UCS-66(b)中的条款可用于进一步降低图UCS-66所确定的MDMT，另外，当材料经细晶化处理和正火处理，可列入曲线B。



问题1-11： ASME材料（如C.S，S.S）最低使用温度是否可查，是靠冲击试验来判定吗？
Q1-11： How to judge the minimum allowable temperature of the material (CS,SS), is anywhere specified? Or it is just dependent on impact test?
Answer:  An impact test is usually sufficient. Also see section UCS-66, specifically paragraph (b), which provides under what conditions an impact test is not necessary. Figure UCS-66 provides the impact test exemption curves, with specified impact test exemption temperatures for different steels with varying thickness.  The User specifies the operating conditions of the vessel from which one would determine the minimum design temperature (See UG-20(b)).  The MDMT at MAWP is established either by impact test, or via an exemption from impact testing as given in the applicable section of Section VIII, Division 1.
答复：通常冲击试验就足够了，也可以看UCS-66节（b）段规定，其中提供了可以免除冲击试验的条件。图UCS-66提供了冲击试验免除曲线，根据不同材料，不同厚度，规定了冲击试验免除的温度。实际运用中，使用者可根据UG-20(b)，指定容器操作条件，确定最低设计温度，在最高允许工作压力下的最低设计金属温度，一方面由冲击试验确定，一方面根据第VIII卷第1册中给出的可适用的冲击试验免除的规定来确定。



问题2-1： 双相钢Φ273x8用δ8板卷制，在卷制过程中，加温控制在350℃以下，焊接校形后进行固溶处理，温度为1130±10℃，时间为10分钟左右，固溶后与法兰焊接时，管子焊缝及其与法兰角焊缝处出现裂纹(横向、纵向都有)，具有贯穿性裂纹产生，试问为何出现这种情况，操作过程是否有不恰当处，该如何避免？（重新制作时，冷卷、焊接，无任何问题出现。）
Q2-1： By using the duplex stainless plate in thickness of 8 mm, one pipe with the outside diameter of 273 mm was rolled. In the process of hot rolling, the temperature was controlled under 350℃. After post weld re-correction in form, the process of particle solution was carried out. The temperature was 1130±10 ℃ and time continued around 10 min. Then, the pipe was welded to a flange. In this process, some axial and transverse cracks, some of which were penetrating, appeared at the welds of pipe and flange corner. In this whole procedure, is there any inappropriate operation or parameter designated? If so, how to avoid them? (When the pipe was fabricated again with the process of cold-rolling and welding, there was no crack found.)
Answer:  Design and fabrication questions which are consulting in nature cannot be answered by ASME.
答复：无法由ASME回答的根据实际运用的设计制造问题。



问题2-2： 检验钢印应打在铭牌钉上吗？请告诉章节。（Messer公司）
Q2-2： Is the inspection stamp should be stamped to the rivet of name plate? And please tell me the paragraph in ASME code.
Answer:  See UG-116(i) and 119 of VIII-1. The code symbol may be pre-applied to the nameplate, or stamped separately as long as, “all required markings shall be located in a conspicuous place on the vessel, preferably near a manhole or hand-hole.”
答复：见VIII-1中UG-116(i)和119条。标志可预先标记在铭牌，或者单独标记的时候，“所有需要的标志应位于容器的明显部位，最好是靠近人孔或手孔处。”


问题2-3： 厚壁奥氏体不锈钢(316L)管道在固溶化处理时ASME有没有规定不锈钢管道必须浸入流动的水中急冷？如果水量足够大，不锈钢管道浸入不流动的水中，并在水池底部通入压缩空气鼓泡搅动池水，请问用这种方法对不锈钢固溶化处理冷却是否可行？
Q2-3： In the process of solid particle solution for thick austenitic steel pipe (316L), is there any provision in ASME code which require that this stainless steel pipe must be immersed in flowing water to be cooled quickly? If the water pond is large enough, the stainless steel pipe is immersed in the motionless water, but, the compressed air is introduced from the bottom of the pond to form a large mount of bubbles. Whether this method is applicable the process?
Answer:  This is not addressed in the code.
答复：在规范中没有这个说明。



问题2-4： 立式容器压力试验，卧试时是否必须另外加上液体静压柱？
Q2-4： When hydrostatic test in horizontal position for a vertical vessel, shall the test pressure include the static liquid pressure?
Answer:  See Interpretation VIII-1-95-27;
答复：见VIII-1-95-27解释。

Interpretation:      VIII-1-95-27
Subject:        Section VIII, Division 1 (1992 Edition, 1993 Addenda); UG-99(b)
Date Issued:        January 12, 1995
File:        BC94-414
Question (1): Does the last sentence of UG-99(b) of Section VIII, Division 1, "All loadings that may exist during this test shall be given consideration," require that the static head that exists in a tower in the vertical position must be considered when determining the test pressure in the horizontal position?
问题（1）：第VIII 卷第1册，UG-99(b)的最后一句，“试验期间所有可能存在的载荷都应予以考虑”，要求立式塔器在确定卧式压力试验值是要考虑静压柱吗？

Reply (1): No.
回答（1）：不需要。

Question (2): Does UG-99 specify in which position a vertical tower must be hydrotested?        
问题（2）：UG-99规定了立式塔器的水压试验位置吗？

Reply (2): No.
回答（2）：没有。



问题2-5： 当设计压力超过MAWP时，压力试验值按1.3倍设计压力，还是按1.3 MAWP来确定？
Q2-5： When design pressure excesses MAWP, shall the pressure test value be determined by 1.3 times design pressure or 1.3 times MAWP?

Answer:  See section UG-99. As stipulated in the code, the hydrostatic test pressure should be at minimum 1.3 times the MAWP.  The design pressure can never exceed the MAWP.  See UG-98 and footnote 34.
答复：见UG-99节。水压试验压力必须为1.3倍的最高允许工作压力，设计压力不可能超过最高允许工作压力。见UG-98及注脚34。



问题2-6： ASME规范要求产品铭牌上需填写哪些参数？
Q2-6： Which data shall be shown on the name plate?

Answer:  See section UG-119. The data shall include the name of the manufacturer, MAWP, MDMT, serial #, and the year built.
答复：见UG-119节。铭牌上需要包括的数据：制造商名称，最高允许工作压力，最低设计金属温度，系列号和制造年份。



问题2-7： ASME产品铭牌上的参数单位能否英制和公制混用？若混用，是否在图纸上一定要写上规范2523？
Q2-7： Is the US customary and metric unit can be mixed to show on the nameplate? If this is permitted, whether Code 2523 must be shown on the Drawing ?

Answer:  No, see U-4(b).
答复：不可以，见U-4(b)。



问题2-8： 射线检测能用TOFD替代吗？
Q2-8： Can RT be substituted by TOFD?

Answer:  See Code Case 2235-9 and interpretation VIII-1-98-41, which describe when RT can be used in lieu of UT.
答复：见案例2235-9和解释VIII-1-98-41，其中说明了RT能代替UT的条件。



问题2-9： 国外供货商制造的压力容器，盖ASME U钢印和不盖钢印价格上大致相差多少？
Q2-9： For vessel with and without U stamp , what is the price difference if the manufacturer is in USA?

Answer:  ASME is unable to answer this question.
答复：ASME无法回答该问题。



问题2-10： UW-9 (d)焊接接头的设计对筒体的纵缝作出了规定，请问对封头的拼接有无要求？（宜兴北海）
Q2-10： UW-9 (d) gives stipulation to the longitudinal weld of shell, we want to know if there is stipulation for the head weld?

Answer:  This is a good question,  that has been answered by two different code Interpretations:
答复：这是个很好的问题，需要用两个不同的规范解释来回答：

Interpretation: VIII-1-86-199
Subject:        Section VIII, Division 1, UW-9(d)
Date Issued:        January 15, 1988
File:        BC87-475
Question: Do the requirements of UW-9(d) apply to the joints of a hemispherical head fabricated by welding?
问题：UW-9(d)的要求是否适用于凸形封头的焊接接头？
Reply: Yes.
回答：是的。
   
Interpretation: VIII-1-83-159
Subject:        Section VIII-1, UW-9(d)
Date Issued:        August 23, 1983
File:        BC83-262
        Question: Would a welded head and/or head skirt with longitudinal welds be required to satisfy the rules of UW-9(d) for shell courses of Section VIII, Division 1?
问题：带纵缝的拼焊封头或封头直边是否要满足第VIII卷第1册中UW-9(d)的要求？

Reply: Yes.
回答：是的。




问题2-11： 封头产品可否使用DR检测（实时成像技术），如可以，则程序如何编写、人员培训如何操作？（宜兴北海）
Q2-11： Is DR method (imagination in television) allowed to be used on head? If permitted, how to prepare the procedure and to practice the personnel training?

Answer:  I do not understand this question (imagination in television?)
答复：不明白这个问题（imagination in television 是什么？）




问题2-12： 如果材料由容器制造厂提供，由封头制造厂焊接、热处理、无损检测，则打钢印、出数据报告，该怎样操作？（宜兴北海）
Q2-12： If the plate is supplied by the vessel manufacture, and the welding, heat treatment, NDE and MDR are carried out by head manufacturer, how to mark the stamp on the vessel and fulfill the data report?

Answer:  The head Manufacturer must be an ASME Certificate Holder, and would fill out a Form U-2, Partial Data Report to document the fabrication of the welded head.  The completed head shall be marked in accordance with the requirements given in UG-116(h)(1).
答复：封头制造厂必须持有ASME证书，必须填写表格U-2，部件数据报告，说明封头的制造。成形封头必须根据UG-116(h)(1)的要求标记。




问题2-13： UG-81(a) 规定成型封头的公差“转角半径不应小于规定值”，对旋压封头很难保证。如果实际转角半径小于规定值，但符合UG32设计规定，这样允许吗？（宜兴北海）
Q2-13： UG-81(a) specify: the knuckle radius shall not be less than that specified. This is hard to reach for the spinning press head. If the knuckle radius is less than the specified value, but qualified to the specification of UG32 design requirement, is it permitted?

Answer:  No.
答复：不允许。




问题2-14： 复合钢板(SA516 Gr70 +316L   30+3mm)，如果焊缝需要热处理，则如何确定热处理温度？热处理时会导致316L敏化吗？（通华公司）
Q2-14： For the vessel fabricated by composite steel plate (SA516 Gr70 +316L   30+3mm), if the heat treatment is required, how to set the temperature of heat treatment, and how to avoid the embrittlement possibly occurred in 316L ?

Answer:  Per UW-40(d), when pressure parts of two different P-No. Groups are joined by welding, the postweld heat treatment shall be that specified according to either UCS-56 or UHA-32, for the material requiring the higher postweld heat treatment temperature.  Please see Section II, Part D Nonmandatory Appendix A, A-350 for a discussion on heat treatment of austenitic chromium nickel steels.
答复：根据UW-40(d)，当承压件由两个不同P-No组材料焊接而成，焊后热处理要根据UCS-56 或 UHA-32的规定，其材料需要较高要求的焊后热处理温度。请看第II卷D篇非强制性附录A，A-350中讨论了奥氏体铬镍钢的热处理。




问题2-15： 外部加强圈与接管干涉，可否将加强圈在接管处断开并与接管焊接？
Q2-15： If the outer stiffening ring interfered with the nozzle , is it permitted
      to break the ring and welded to the nozzle?

Answer:  Please see the following two interpretations:
答复：请看下面的两个解释：

   
Interpretation:  VIII-1-92-198
Subject:        Section VIII, Division 1 (1989 Edition, 1991 Addenda); U-2(g) and UG-29(b)
Date Issued:        February 25, 1994
File:        BC92-219
Question: Does Section VIII, Division 1 provide rules for the design of a stiffener ring around the inside circumference of a cylinder when the stiffener is interrupted by a nozzle opening?
问题：当加强圈与接管开孔相干涉，第VIII卷第1册中是否提供了，筒体内侧环形加强圈的设计规定？

Reply: No, see U-2(g).
回答：没有，见U-2(g)。
  
Interpretation:   VIII-1-89-275
Subject:        Section VIII, Division 1 (1989 Edition, 1989 Addenda), U-2(g) and UG-29(b)
Date Issued:        February 13, 1991
File:        BC91-011
Question: When a stiffener ring extends completely around the outside circumference of a cylinder and intersects a nozzle, may a connection between nozzle and stiffener be made if the required moment of inertia of the ring shell section is maintained through the nozzle per UG-29(b) and design and construction details are submitted and accepted by the Authorized Inspector per U-2(g)?
问题：当外部加强圈与接管相干涉时，可否将加强圈断开与接管焊接，按照UG-29(b)，使加强圈与壳体的组合截面维持所需的惯性矩，同时，接头设计按U-2(g)提交AI确认？

Reply: Yes.
回答：是的。




问题3-1： ASME 认证与 CE有关系吗？（Messer公司）
Q3-1： Is there any relations between ASME certification and CE certification?

Answer:  There is no direct correlation between ASME and CE markings.  ASME design codes can be used as the basis for compliance with the EC PED, but additional steps need to be taken.  ASME has issued guidance documents describing how far ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel standards go to meet the PED, and what additional steps need to be taken.  These guidance documents are available on the ASME digital store at www.asme.org.
答复：在ASME和CE标记间没有直接的关联。ASME设计规范可以用于满足PED的基础，但还需附加规定。ASME发行了指导手册，说明ASME锅炉压力容器标准与PED的差别，以及需要的附加规定。这些指导手册可由ASME网址www.asme.org获得。




问题3-2： DIN标准、ASME标准及国标并用应注意什么问题？(例如塔体用ASME设计，管道用DIN标准) （Messer公司）
Q3-2： When using DIN, ASME and Chinese standard in design at the same time, what problem should be noted? (For example, one tower is design in accordance with ASME, but the piping system is design in accordance with DIN.)

Answer:  Design questions which are consulting in nature cannot be answered by ASME.
答复：ASME无法回答的，根据实际运用的设计问题




问题3-3： 对交变载荷压力容器可按VIII-1的规定章节设计吗？（Messer公司）
Q3-3： Whether a pressure vessel subjected to alternate loads can be design in accordance with ASME VIII-1?

Answer:  According to UG-22, “The loadings to be considered in designing a vessel shall include those from: (e) cyclic and dynamic reactions due to pressure or thermal variations or from equipment mounted on a vessel, and mechanical loadings.” Division 2 has fatigue analysis procedures.  It is not clear what you mean by "alternate loads".  Nevertheless, any pressure vessel that satisfies all applicable requirements of Section VIII, Division 1 may be stamped with the "U" symbol.  There are no restrictions on the loads that may be applied to such a vessel.

答复：根据UG-22，“设计容器时需考虑的载荷应包括下列所引起的各种载荷：（e）由压力或温度变化而引起的，或由容器上的设备引起的周期性和动荷反作用力以及机械载荷。”第2册是疲劳分析程序。不清楚“交变载荷”你是指什么，不过，任何满足第VIII卷第1册中各适用要求的压力容器都可以打上“U”钢印。对这样的容器没有载荷的限制。

问题3-4： 什么情况下用VIII-1规范设计？什么情况下用VIII-2规范设计？
Q3-4: In which case, the design should be in accordance with VIII-1? In which case, the design should be in accordance with VIII-2?

Answer:  Pressure Vessels can be designed to either Division of Section VIII.  The decision to construct a pressure vessel to either VIII-1 or VIII-2 typically is made by the owner/user.
答复：压力容器可以按照第VIII卷中的任一册设计，有使用者决定压力容器按照VIII-1 还是 VIII-2来建造。

问题3-5： ASME的结构应力与 EN13445的结构应变有什么关系吗？
Q3-5： Is there any relationship between the structural stress defined in ASME VIII-2 and the structural strain defined in EN13445?
Answer:  No.
答复：没有。



问题3-6： 应力分类方法与直接方法有优先要求么？
Q3-6： Is there any priority in using stress classification method and direct route?

Answer:  I assume this question refers to Section VIII, Division 2.  In the 2007 Edition of VIII-2, either design by rule (Part 4) or design by analysis (Part 5) may be used to design the vessel.  However if a fatigue evaluation is required, then Part 5.5 of VIII-2 must be satisfied.
答复：我认为这个问题是针对第VIII卷第2册的。在2007版的VIII-2册中，常规设计（第4部分）或者分析设计（第5部分）都可以用于容器设计，但需要进行疲劳评估时，必须采用VIII-2册中第5.5部分。



问题3-7： 局部做分析设计必须有资质吗？
Q3-7： Is the engineer performing the stress analysis for the local structure of pressure vessel shall be qualified?

Answer:  If this question is related to a vessel being constructed to Section VIII, Division 2, then the engineer performing the design must satisfy the qualification requirements given in Annex 2.B.
答复：如果这个问题是指按照第VIII卷第2册建造的容器，那么其设计者必须满足附件2.B中的资格要求。




问题3-8： VIII-2与EN13445相比有哪些优点和哪些不足？
Q3-8: Compared with EN13445, what advantages and shortcomings do ASME VIII-2 have?
Answer:  To the best of my knowledge, this type of comparison has not been performed yet. During the development of the new VIII-2, the investigators did review all modern pressure vessel standards to make use of the best technology available.
答复：就我的知识来看，这样的比较还没有做过。在新的VIII-2册发展过程中，调查人员已经回顾了所有近代压力容器标准，来利用其中可用的最好的技术。




问题3-9： 如果订购的ASME钢材经复验，高温强度限小于规范值的10%，在这种情况下，分析和设计仍能采用II-D给出的 S(or Sm)值进行设计吗？该材料是拒收还是继续使用？（核工院）
Q3-9： In accepting ASME steel material, if the ultimate strength at high temperature is 10% lower than that specified, in this case, whether the S value or Sm given in II-D still can be used in stress analysis and design? If not, should the material be refused to acceptance or accepted to use?

Answer:  See the reply to question 1-1.
答复：见问题1-1的回答。




问题3-10： 对于温度高于375℃的碳素钢和低合金钢如何进行疲劳分析？
Q3-10：How to perform the fatigue analysis to the CS and low alloy steel which will be used above 375℃?

Answer:  For which ASME code does this question apply?  See Article KD-3 in Division 3.  A formal inquiry may be necessary to clarify this.
答复：ASME规范中哪一部分适用于这个问题？见第3分册KD-3条。需要正式询问单来说明这点。




问题3-11： 中国标准（GB150）规定壳体钢板厚度超过30mm应进行超声波检测，ASME是否有类似规定，如有，是如何规定的？（上海动力）
Q3-11： In Chinese standard, for steel plated used for the shell of pressure vessel, when the thickness exceeds 30mm, the plate shall be examined with UT. Is there any same stipulation in ASME code? If so, what is the stipulation?

Answer:  We were unable to find any specific code sections which mandate UT on steel plate of a certain thickness. Article 23 of Section V provides UT procedures for plates, but it’s not too helpful with this question.  You will need to narrow down this question to a specific ASME code section and/or material.
答复：任何标准规范中找不到对某一确定厚度的钢板的UT要求，在第V卷中23章给出了钢板UT程序，但对回答这个问题没有帮助。你需要把这个问题缩小到ASME规范或材料册中的具体章节。




问题3-12： 按VIII-2进行分析设计，换热器是否可以用VIII-1中的UHX方法？是否可以按第一强度理论变为第三强度理论？还有什么注意事项？
Q3-12： Is the UHX of VIII-1 can be used to design the exchanger which is generally designed according to the VIII-2? If so, is the 1st strength theory can be in lieu of the 3rd strength theory? Is there anything to be noted?

Answer:  If the heat exchanger is being constructed to the 2004 Edition of Section VIII, Division 2, then Part UHX may be used for the design of the tubesheet.  However if the heat exchanger is to be designed to the 2007 edition of Section VIII, Division 2, and the provisions of Part UHX can be found in the Part 4.18.
答复：当换热器是按照第VIII卷第2册2004版建造时，UHX部分可用于管板的设计。但按照第VIII卷第2册2007版建造时，UHX部分的规定在4.18部分都有。
问题3-13： 中国GB规范中设计温度或环境温度小于-20℃时，材料要采用低温钢，ASME规范中有无此概念？
Q3-13： In GB code, low temperature material shall be used when the design temperature or environment temperature is below -20℃, is there any provision with same meaning in ASME code?

Answer:  Sections UG-20, UG-84, and UCS-66 all deal with design for low temperature service. Additionally, Section II provides a note in Part D Materials Properties Table 1A (Ferrous Materials) stating that, "Stress values for -30°C to 40°C are applicable for colder temperatures when the toughness requirements of Section III, VIII, or XII are met."
答复：UG-20, UG-84, 和UCS-66都是用于低温设备设计的章节。另外，第II卷D篇，材料特性，表1A铁基材料注释（e）中说明：“当符合第III, VIII, 和XII卷的韧性要求时，-30°C ～ 40°C的应力值对于较低的温度是适用的。

问题3-14： 马来西亚政府规程中承认ASME II的材料，中国GB6654 16MnR 已列入规范 2506，是否可在马来西亚使用？
Q3-14： For ASME II material have been accepted by Malaysia government, as GB6654 16MnR has been adopted in the code case 2506, is this material can be used in Malaysia?

Answer:  It is up to the local jurisdiction to decide whether or not a code case is an acceptable standard.
答复：某个案例是否能被接受，取决于当地权利机构。




问题3-15： 在美国5000m3以上的液化石油气球罐多不多？按VIII-1 或 VIII-2设计时，对地震载荷作用下支柱的应力分析有什么区别、有什么注意事项？
Q3-15： Are there many LPG spherical tanks above 5000m3 in USA? When seismic load is taken into account for the design of support, what is the difference between VIII-1 and VIII-2?

Answer:  I do not know the answer to your question regarding the number of LPG spherical tanks above 5000 m³ in the United States.  As far as your question concerning consideration of seismic loads, both VIII-1 and VIII-2 will require that the appropriate seismic load be considered in the design of the pressure vessel.
答复：不知道在美国5000 m3以上的液化石油气球罐的数目。关于问题中所提到的地震载荷，在VIII-1册和VIII-2册中都要求压力容器设计中考虑适当的地震载荷。




问题3-16： 常见的球冠封头与筒体连接，是否可以用下图所示的连接，并采用
上图所示同样的计算公式确定球冠的厚度？
Q3-16： For a spherically dish head connecting to cylindrical shell, whether  
        the structure shown in the lower figure can be used and it can be
        calculated as the structure shown in the upper figure?

Answer:  Neither head attachment detail shown are addressed in Section VIII,
Division 1.  However the upper detail where the spherical cap is inserted into a
cylinder may be designed as a flat head and attached per Fig. UG-34 Sketch (f).  The lower detail is not permitted based on the requirements given in UW-13(b)(1) and UW-13(b)(2).
答复：在第VIII卷第1册中没有封头连接的详情规定。但是在图中上面的图，插入筒体的球形管帽根据图UG-34中简图（f），按照平盖设计，下面的图根据UW-13(b)(1) 和 UW-13(b)(2)要求是不允许的。





问题3-17： UG-32(b)中半球形封头的R如何选取，取筒体的一半还是封头球面部分R？
Q3-17： Based on UG-32(b), how to select the R of hemispherical head, is it half of the shell diameter or the radius of head?

Answer:  Please see sketch (c) of Fig. 1-4 for a definition of the hemispherical head radius.
答复：请见图1-4中简图（c），半球形封头半径的定义。




问题3-18： 在UW-13.2中，不带支撑的管板（或平盖）或带支撑的管板（或平盖）如何理解？
Q3-18： In figure UW-13.2, how to understand the unstayed tubesheet (or cover) and stayed tubesheet (or cover)?

Answer:  An unstayed stayed flat head is one in which there are no stay rods installed to carry the axial load (see UG-47 and UG-48). The weld joint details given in Fig. UW-13.2 are sized to be able to carry the bending moments that will develop at the edge of an un-stayed flat plate.
答复：不带支撑的平盖是指没有用来支撑轴向载荷的支撑棒的平盖（见UG-47 和 UG-48）。其在图UW-13.2中给出的焊接接头详图，用焊缝尺寸来支撑在无支撑平板的周边存在的弯矩。




问题3-19： 凸缘如何计算？
Q3-19： How to calculate the raised flange?

Answer:  I am not sure I understand your question.  Please see Appendix 2 of VIII-1 for flange design rules.
答复：不理解这个问题。请见VIII-1附录2法兰设计规则。




问题3-20： ASME VIII-1中对膨胀节外压计算长度没有定义，为什么？
Q3-20： There is no definition of the calculation length for expansion joint which bears external pressure, why?

Answer:  It is not clear to me if your question is related to a bellows type expansion joint (Appendix 26) or a flanged expansion joint (Appendix 5).
答复：不清楚问题是指波纹管型膨胀节（附录26）还是凸缘型膨胀节。




问题3-21： 在标准中，在确定椭圆封头和碟形封头时，有个限定条件：ts/L ≥ 0.002，请问，该限定值是根据公式来的吗，如果不是，请问是根据什么来的？（上海杨园）
Q3-21：In the code, when determining the thickness of ellipsoidal and torispherical head, there is a limitation which is: ts/L ≥ 0.002, the question is: Is this limitation from Shield & Drucker formula?  If not, where is it from?

Answer:  This limitation is taken from Welding Research Council Bulletin 444, based on the work of Clarence D.  Miller.
答复：这一限制是根据Clarence D.  Miller的工作，由焊接研究委员会第444通报而来。




问题3-22： 在标准中，L-9.2.3中似乎有错误：
标准中，L-9.2.3中第5步，调整的MDMT=9°F， 高于壳体调整后的MDMT。假如欲保持由壳体确定的2°FMDMT， 使封头直边段A类对接接头调整后的MDMT为2°F，封头直边段的最小厚度能很容易地由下式确定：
tn = (100trE*) / (100-DR) + C
但，事实上是不容易的！
首先，我们来推导上面公式：
其中，tn—新的厚度值， in.
           Tn—新的厚度tn所对应的未调整的MDMT值，°F
           2°F—期望达到的调整后的 MDMT
   步骤 3: 比值 (trE*) / (tr-C)
     步骤 4: (1- Radio)100 = 100[1- (trE*) / (tr-C)]
步骤 5: Tn-100[1- (trE*) / (tr-C)]= 2
因此， Tn-2 = 100-(100trE*) / (tr-C)
令 DR = 在步骤2确定的满应力MDMT状态多期望的降低值，即， DR = Tn-2，
所以:  tn = (100trE*) / (100-DR) + C， 也就是上面的公式
从公式的推导中可以看到， DR = Tn-2，  tn 是未知数，Tn对应于tn，也是未知数，那么， DR就同样是未知数。但在标准中，DR = 18-2 = 16°F. 其中18°F 是根据表UCS-66采用直线内插法得到控制厚度为0.804in的未调整的MDMT.，不是新的厚度值tn. 所对应的未调整的MDMT值，所以，这是错误的。
在标准中， tn = 0.855in. 根据表UCS-66， 控制厚度为0.855in的未调整的MDMT 是 22°F，
调弄整后的 MDMT = 22-16 = 6°F， 不是期望值 2°F.
可见，在公式中， tn = (100trE*) / (100-DR) + C， 同时存在两个未知数，对确定tn是不容易的。
假设封头直边段的最小厚度为0.953in， 根据表UCS-66， 控制厚度为0.9535in的未调整的MDMT 是28°F.
步骤3: 比值(trE*) / (tr-C) =0.74
      步骤4: (1- Radio)100 = 100[1- (trE*) / (tr-C)] = 26°F
步骤5: 调整后的MDMT = 28-26 =2°F  为期望值，因此假设正确， tn = 0.953in（上海杨园）
Q3-22： There seems something wrong in L-9.2.3 in the code:
      In the code, L-9.2.3: Step 5. Adjusted MDMT=9°F, this is warmer than the adjusted MDMT determined for the shell. Assuming it is desired that the 2°F MDMT established by the shell be maintained, the minimum head skirt thickness that will result in a 2°F adjusted MDMT for the Category A butt joint in the head skirt can be easily determined by the following formula:
           tn = (100trE*) / (100-DR) + C
But, it is not easy!
First, let’s derivate the formula:
Where, tn—new nominal thickness, in.
           Tn—unadjusted MDMT for governing thickness of tn,°F
           2°F—the finally adjusted MDMT
   Step 3: Radio (trE*) / (tr-C)
     Step 4: (1- Radio)100 = 100[1- (trE*) / (tr-C)]
Step 5: Tn-100[1- (trE*) / (tr-C)]= 2
So, Tn-2 = 100-(100trE*) / (tr-C)
Where, DR = desired reduction in the full-stress MDMT determined in Step 2, that is, DR = Tn-2, So:  tn = (100trE*) / (100-DR) + C, that is the formula.
From the derivation, DR = Tn-2, DR is the difference between adjusted MDMT for governing thickness of tn and the finally adjusted MDMT. tn is an unknown value, so DR is also unknown. But in the code, DR = 18-2 = 16°F. 18°F is the unadjusted MDMT for governing thickness of 0.804in., not of tn. So, it is wrong.
In the code, tn = 0.855in. From Table UCS-66, the adjusted MDMT for governing thickness of  0.855in. is 22°F,
Adjusted MDMT = 22-16 = 6°F, not 2°F.
Sum up, in the formula, tn = (100trE*) / (100-DR) + C, there are two unknown value, it is not easy to determine tn,
Suppose: the minimum head skirt thickness is 0.953in, from Table UCS-66,the adjusted MDMT for governing thickness of 0.953in is 28°F.
Step 3: Radio (trE*) / (tr-C) =0.74
      Step 4: (1- Radio)100 = 100[1- (trE*) / (tr-C)] = 26°F
Step 5: Adjusted MDMT = 28-26 =2°F  So, tn = 0.953in is right.

Answer:  I have reviewed the example given in L-9.2.3 and find it to be correct.
答复：我看了在L-9.2.3中给出的例子，发现有误需要纠正。




问题3-23： ASME规范正文内容是强制性的，是否案例也是强制性的？
Q3-23： The formal content in ASME code is mandatory. Whether is any code case mandatory?

Answer:  Code Cases are not mandatory unless local jurisdiction dictates them to be.
答复：案例不是强制性的，除非当地有这方面的强制性规定。

********************   end   *****************

挑个小错，问题2-8的回答应该是UT can be used in lieu of RT，而不是RT can be used in lieu of UT吧。

不错,学习了!

你真好,真即时,我们刚开始学习ASME.

你真好,真及时,我们刚刚领ASME证,很多都还不懂,借此机会好好学习,学习.

出口油气分离器,用的着

有帮助

好好学习