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[重点推荐] 工业炉板块专业知识扫盲普及专贴

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smmby124 发表于 2007-5-15 06:45 | 显示全部楼层

蒸馏车间加热炉试题

<p>&nbsp;</p><p>上传一些车间的加热炉的题库,包含很多加热炉方面的基础知识。</p><p><br/></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">41</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.烟囱冒黑烟的主要原因和处理方法?</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">答:(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)炉管严重烧穿,应立即熄火,打开消防蒸汽阀,炉膛大量吹汽,联系班长或有关领导紧急停工;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)炉子进料量突然增加,温控阀突然开大,大量燃料燃烧不完全。此时,应平稳炉子进料;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)燃料压控失灵,使压力突然增加,造成燃烧不完全,需将压控自动改为手动,并联系仪表工修理;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)燃料的性质变化,如:粘度大,雾化不好,燃烧不完全或瓦斯带油,造成冒烟或炉子打枪,应调好燃料油温度和油汽比例,使雾化正常,加强瓦斯凝和加热;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)雾化蒸汽压力低,使雾化不好,应调节或联系蒸汽压力,并适当调小燃料油压力。</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p><p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">42</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.燃料气带油引起的后果及处理?</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">答:(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)烟囱冒烟着火,炉膛温度及炉出口温度升高。炉膛负压降低或波动;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)若大量带油,由于油流淌到炉认错</span><font face="Times New Roman"><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">,将造成炉底或风道着火及炉子回火,点天灯等事故;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">造成燃料气带油的原因:</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><font size="3">外来燃料气带油或装置中间回流罐油面控制不稳,瓦斯分液罐排凝不及时,加热器未投用等造成燃料气带油。应停燃料气,改烧燃料油,将燃料气停掉或改放空适当排液,并设法将管线内存油排净,起用好加热器,在确保不带油后再烧燃料气(若燃料气带油严重,可能造成炉膛猛烧,而导致炉温超标严重,这时应注意炉膛吹汽,待温度降下来后,再点烧燃料油)。</font></span></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></p><p></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">43</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.在冬季生产中,司炉应注意做好的防冻工作?</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">答:(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)停烧的火嘴、油气线吹扫后要略通汽防冻保护;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)炉区蒸汽分配器上的蒸汽放空,要打开排水,凡不用的分支线要关严,放空打开排尽存水(开关不严时要考虑加盲板);</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)对燃料气系统的容器要注意排凝和加热;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">4</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)吹灰蒸汽、消防蒸汽等要注意通汽防冻或停用,排尽存水;</span></font></p><p class="MsoBodyText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">(</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">5</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">)按防冻规程的要求,搞好防冻。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-5-14 22:55:41编辑过]

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smmby124 发表于 2007-5-15 06:47 | 显示全部楼层

催化车间加热炉试题

<br/><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">如何提高加热炉热效率?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">答:1)降低排烟温度<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(1)设置余热回收系统。使排出烟气中的热量通过余热回收系统得到重新利用,如加热入炉空气,加热工艺物料或作为废热锅炉的热源等。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(2)设置吹灰器。炉管表面积灰积垢,会大大降低炉管的传热能力。因此对流室设置良好的吹灰器,并在运行中定时吹灰,是降低排烟温度、提高炉子热效率的措施之一。此外,在停工检修期间,清扫炉管表面的积垢也可强化对流传热过程,从而降低排烟温度。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(3)对于液态物料,对流管采用翅片管或钉头管,可以大大增加对流管的传热面积,从而使排烟温度明显降低。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(4)精心操作,确保炉膛温度均匀,防止局部过热和管内结焦,是保证炉管正常传热能力的必要条件。若管内结焦则传热能力降低,炉膛温度和排烟温度都将随之而升高。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">2)降低加热炉过热空气系数:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(1)调节好“三门一板”,在保证完全燃烧的前提下,尽量降低入炉空气量。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(2)炉体不严、漏风量多是造成过剩空气系数大的主要原因之一。消除漏风不但简单易行,而且效果显著。如将加热炉所有漏风点(如停用的火嘴、看火孔、人孔、对流管板、采样孔和导向杆孔等)全部封堵,就可使热效率得以显著提高。因此加热炉的堵漏是一项不容忽视的重要工作。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(3)改进燃烧器性能和选用高效燃烧器是降低过剩空气系数的重要措施。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">3)采用高效燃烧器:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">采用高效燃烧器不但可以降低过剩空气系数,而且能强化燃烧,保证燃料的完全燃烧和提高传热能力;采用先进的蒸汽雾化喷嘴,改善燃料油的雾化粒度,制定并严格实施燃烧器的维护保养制度也是十分重要的。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">4)减少炉壁散热损失:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(1)搞好炉子的检修,保证炉墙没有大的裂纹和孔洞,使烟气不致串入炉墙和炉壁之间造成炉壁局部过热。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(2)采用耐热和保温新材料,如陶瓷纤维,不但耐高温(<chmetcnv wst="on" tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1000" unitname="℃"><span lang="EN-US">1000℃</span></chmetcnv>以上)而且导热系数低,可以降低炉壁温度从而减少炉体的散热损失。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">(3)控制炉膛温度,不得超温,以免烧坏炉墙,导致炉壁温度升高。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">5)设置和改进控制系统:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">过剩空气量是一个可控变量,改进控制系统是降低过剩空气量、提高热效率的有效措施。设置和采用先进的控制系统(如微型计算机控制),可使炉子经常在最佳工况下运行,不但可以保证炉子有高的热效率,而且可减轻操作人员的劳动强度。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">6)加强加热炉的技术管理,提高加热炉操作水平是提高热效率的重要措施之一。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>

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smmby124 发表于 2007-5-15 06:49 | 显示全部楼层

焦化车间加热炉试题

<p></p><p>申请一点魅力!</p><p><br/></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">炉管结焦的原因有哪些?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">答:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑴</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、原料性质变化,含盐量或残炭过高;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑵</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辐射量、注水量中断或过小,处理不及时,辐射油在炉管内停留时间长;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑶</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、炉管受热不均,火焰扑舔炉管造成局部过热;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、炉温长期偏高;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑸</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、开工周期长;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑹</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、炉管停炉时烧焦不干净,原存焦起诱导作用,促使新焦形成。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">加热炉正常燃烧的标准是什么?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">答:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑴</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、燃烧完全;即:炉膛明亮、炉墙、炉管表面没有显著的阴影;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑵</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、瓦斯火焰呈蓝白色;油火焰呈淡黄色;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑶</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、火焰调试一致:短火焰、齐火苗、不打圈、不扑炉管;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、烟囱冒烟为无色或淡蓝色。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">影响炉膛温度的因素有哪些?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">答:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑴</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、瓦斯压力变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑵</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、火嘴结焦;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑶</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、入炉空气量及空气温度变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辐射流量或温度的变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑸</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、注水量的变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑹</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、火焰调节不当;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑺</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、气候变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑻</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、炉管结焦或热偶套管结焦;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑼</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">炉膛温度控制失灵。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">影响辐射进口压力变化的因素有哪些?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">答:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑴</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辐射流量或注水量的变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑵</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辐射出口温度的变化;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑶</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、炉管结焦;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、压力表指示不准;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑸</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、原料性质变化大。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; tab-stops: list 36.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5、<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">加热炉辐射管结焦有哪些现象?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">答:</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑴</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辐射进口压力逐渐升高;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑵</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、在进炉流量、温度和加热炉总出口不变的情况下,炉膛温度逐渐上升;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑶</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、炉管局部结焦处变红,逐渐变黑暗;</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;">⑷</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;">、辐射量不变,但控制阀开度逐步加大。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p></p><p></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-5-14 22:57:41编辑过]

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smmby124 发表于 2007-5-15 06:52 | 显示全部楼层

润滑油加热炉题库

<br/><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">16. </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">烘炉的目的是什么</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">答:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">1.</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">缓慢的除去炉体内耐火砖和耐火衬里及填料等材质内部的水分。如这些水分不去掉,开工时炉温上升很快,水分急剧蒸发,造成砖缝膨胀,产生裂缝,严重时会造成炉墙倒塌;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.使耐火胶泥得到充分的烧结;</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">.对燃料油系统、注汽系统、工艺管线、放空线、设备、仪表等进行热负荷试运。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">17. </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">加热炉点火时注意事项</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">?</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">答:</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(1) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">做好点火前的准备工作,关闭人孔防爆门,看火孔烟道挡板开一半,准备好点火棒,火柴,煤油及记录纸等。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(2) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">点火时人要身置一侧,勿面对点火孔点火,以防回火伤人。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(3) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">点火的火嘴分布要均匀对称,不致于局部过热。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(4) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">燃烧时一旦熄火,应立即关闭瓦斯阀门,开大蒸汽吹扫</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">10</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">—</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">15min</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">后重新按点火</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">步骤进行,严禁利用旁边火嘴的火苗点火或靠炉温自燃。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(5) </font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">升温过程应经常检查火嘴口及连接部分的严密情况。</span></p>

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smmby124 发表于 2007-5-15 06:54 | 显示全部楼层

重整芳烃加热炉题库

<br/><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">7.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">加热炉出口温度低的原因?如何处理?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">答:<span lang="EN-US">1) </span>燃料气压力低;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">烟道挡板开度不适;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">燃烧不完全;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">进料量大炉超负荷;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>5) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">火嘴熄灭;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>6) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">燃料气调节阀故障。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">处理方法:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">1) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">调整燃料气压力;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">2) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">调整烟道挡板;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">3) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">调节风量;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">4) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">查出原因降低负荷;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">5) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">处理火嘴重新点火;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">6) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">燃气走副线,仪表处理调节阀。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">8.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">加热炉内局部过热原因哪些?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><font face="宋体">答:<span lang="EN-US">1) </span>各火嘴火焰长短不齐,燃烧的火嘴不对称;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">火嘴风门开度不当。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">9.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">加热炉进料中断如何处理?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">答:<span lang="EN-US">1)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">应立即关闭燃气阀门,熄灭火嘴,保留长明灯;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">开大烟道挡板,加热炉自然降温;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">当进料恢复按程序开炉;<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">10.</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">炉管破裂原因?现象?如何处理?<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">答:<span lang="EN-US">1)</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">原因:炉管局部过热。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 24pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">2)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">现象:炉膛内炉管处有火线发出或看窗冒火,炉膛或炉出口温度突然上升。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p><p class="MsoPlainText" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font face="宋体"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体;">处理:加热炉按紧急停炉处理。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></font></p>

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nxtoyo 发表于 2007-5-17 05:07 | 显示全部楼层
我看的是津津有味,但你们都没有说及点火器和炉内燃烧的控制,和氧含量对燃烧器的损害,一、二次风的作用和概念;
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dafugege 发表于 2007-5-17 19:05 | 显示全部楼层
<div class="msgheader">QUOTE:</div><div class="msgborder"><b>以下是引用<i>ppfans0722</i>在2007-4-10 0:33:35的发言:</b><br/>&nbsp; <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>燃料与空气配比控制</b></span></div><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><strong>具体的控制图形见附件</strong></span></div><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 133%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.27%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>通过控制空气-燃料比保持烟道中规定的氧含量可实现加热炉的</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>优化控制 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b></b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 133%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.33%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>燃料流量与氧含量调节器的输出经过运算作为空气流量调节器</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>的设定值</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,可</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>消除空气流量随燃料流量变化的滞后</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>使加热炉</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>烟气中氧含量保持在规定的范围内</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>改善燃料流量变化过程中</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>加热炉的燃烧效果</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>使燃烧达到最佳状态</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>提高加热炉的热效</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>率 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div></span></div><br/></div><p>图我看了,这种控制方案在理论上完全可行,可惜现在国内的管理水平不行,瓦斯的组分波动较大,使空然比的控制并不是很好用。</p><p>据我所知,这种控制方案在国内好像极少吧,<strong><em>ppfans0722有实施经验吗?</em></strong></p>
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lzjwxy 发表于 2007-6-6 23:25 | 显示全部楼层
<p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">以上各位对石化行业的转化炉和裂解炉提得不多,我来补充一下。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">两种炉型基本上包括以下几大部分。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">高温管系,包括进口管系(进气总管、进气支管、上猪尾管)、转化炉管、出口管系(下短尾管、出口支集合管、冷壁式出口总管)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">高温管系的支吊系统</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">辐射室(炉膛)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">烟气隧道</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">过渡段</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">对流段,包括换热器、预热器等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">阁楼,包括进料、燃气配管、燃烧空气配管等</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">燃烧器(烧嘴)<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">炉体钢结构</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其中转化炉管是投资的大头,一般要占到整个投资的40%到50%.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">¨<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">炉体钢结构</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">其中转化炉管是投资的大头,一般要占到整个投资的40%到50%.</span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 42pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%; tab-stops: list 42.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 125%;"><p></p></span></p><p></p><p></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"></span></p>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-6-6 15:29:17编辑过]

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lzjwxy 发表于 2007-6-6 23:39 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">转化管系</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 15pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15pt; tab-stops: list 15.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">转化管系流程</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">中压蒸汽与原料气混合后进对流室的原料预热段预热,然后出对流室,经过转油线至辐射室顶部的上集合管,从上集合管分配进入各上猪尾管,再经过上猪尾管进入装有催化剂的转化管进行转化反应,转化反应完毕的转化气从转化管底部经下猪尾管导出,下猪尾管与下集合管相连,在下集合管内汇集的转化气被送至与下集合管直接相连的工艺气废热锅炉发生蒸汽并降温。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">某些出口操作温度较高的转化炉没有下猪尾管,转化管直接与下集合管连接。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 15pt; TEXT-INDENT: -15pt; tab-stops: list 15.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">转化管系零件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.1<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">上集合管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">上集合管是进气总管,主要用来将进料分配至各支管,根据原料预热温度的不同,上集合管可以采用铬钼钢、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">304</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">321</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">等材质。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.2<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">上猪尾管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">上猪尾管是进气支管,除了用来分配进料外,主要作用是吸收转化管和上集合管以及转油线的膨胀,所以要求材料的塑性要好,主要采用奥氏体不锈钢</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">304</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">321</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">等材质。其管径主要有φ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">、φ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">32</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">等规格。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.3<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">转化管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">该管直接置于炉膛内加热,由于要求良好的耐高温及抗高温蠕变性能,所以采用离心浇铸耐热合金管,早期的材质主要为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HK40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,后来又发展为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HP40</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,这些年又出现了一系列新的改进型钢种。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.4<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">下猪尾管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">主要用来吸收下集合管的膨胀,采用的材质主要为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Alloy 800H</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 21.0pt; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.5<span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">下集合管</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">根据装置规模的不同,下集合管有热壁和冷壁两种形式。热壁下集合管的材质主要为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">Alloy 800H</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">,冷壁下集合管的内壁为耐高温的衬里材料,外壁由于温度较低,可以采用普通碳钢或低合金钢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></p></span></p>
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lzjwxy 发表于 2007-6-6 23:48 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt; TEXT-INDENT: -24pt; tab-stops: list 24.0pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span style="FONT: 7pt &quot;Times New Roman&quot;;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></font></span></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">对流室管系</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><p></p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">对流室管系主要用来预热原料、发生及过热反应用的蒸汽、回收烟气中的余热等等。不同的工艺方案采用的对流室管系的布置方式略有不同,主要有原料</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">/</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">蒸汽混合过热段、蒸汽过热段、蒸汽发生段、燃烧用空气预热段等。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">这些过热段、发生段基本上由盘管组、管板组成,通联箱连接。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;">目前发展趋势是将这些过热段、预热段分成独立的模块制造。每个模块包含钢结构、耐火材料、盘管组和联箱。这些模块在工厂预制后,直接运输到现场安装。大大节约了现场安装时间。</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.25pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt;"></span></p>
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华123 发表于 2007-7-14 15:53 | 显示全部楼层
支持一下,有没有关于水煤浆燃烧器的资料啊

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参与人数 1经验 -2 化工币 -2 收起 理由
zsx -2 -2 不按规矩出牌。

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丢丢 发表于 2007-8-23 09:37 | 显示全部楼层

油气燃烧器

气燃烧器
1. 油的燃烧特点
油是一种液体燃料 , 而液体燃料的沸点总是低于它的着火温度 , 因此油的燃烧实际上是在气态下进行的。油在燃烧 时 , 直接参加燃烧的不是液体状态的油 , 而是 “ 油气 “ 。所以 说油滴的燃烧包括蒸发、扩散和燃烧三个过程 , 而且是同时进行的。具有以下特点 :
(1) 油在蒸发气化状态下燃烧 ;
(2) 油具有扩散燃烧的特点 ;
(3) 油需要雾化后再燃烧 ;
(4) 油在不同的条件下 , 具有不同的热分解特性。
2. 油燃烧器的分类
燃烧器是把燃油输送及雾化装置与调风装置通过电路组合在一起的设备。组合为一体 ,称为整体燃烧器。它除了能保证较好供给锅炉燃料并使之完全燃烧外 ,还设有自动控制、报警及保护装置。也有分体去础 ,即油系统 , 风系统分开 ,因而电路系统也分开。根据燃料不同 ,燃烧器分为轻油 (煤油、柴油〉、重油 (渣油) 及油气两用燃烧器。
根据燃烧器的油嘴数量与调节方式不同 , 燃烧器又分为 一级 ( 单段〉、二级 ( 双段 ) 、三级 ( 三段 ) 和比例式。一级 有一个喷油嘴 , 二级有两个喷油嘴 , 三级有三个喷油嘴。比 例式是燃烧器的负荷随着锅炉出力大小连续调整变化 , 而其 他是根据改变油嘴数量的变化来调整锅炉出力的大小。
国外进口的燃烧器品种较多 , 其中常见的有德国威索、法国贵诺、意大利百得和利雅路、日本奥林匹亚及韩国水国等。
国内燃烧器产地主要在广东、贵州、江西、江苏等地。
3. 油燃烧器的结构
为使燃料油燃烧良好 , 必须提高油的雾化质量 , 使油雾 与空气充分混合 , 这主要借助于燃烧器来实现。燃烧器是燃油锅炉的关键设备 , 它由喷油部分 ( 雾化器 ) 、调风器部分、 点火及稳燃装置、电气系统和电机及伺服马达等构成 , 如图 3-36 所示。
喷油部分由油泵、油泵调节阀、滤网、油预热器、电磁 阀、喷油嘴、回油调节阀等组成 ; 调风器部分由风机、空气 挡板、调节套筒、外壳等组成。
点火及稳燃装置由变压器、点火电极等组成 , 稳燃装置 由调风盘及燃烧头组成。
电气系统由火焰传感器、燃烧程序控制器、燃油加热控制器等组成。
电机伺服马达为凤机、油泵、风门调节、回油调节提供动力。
4. 油雾化喷嘴
(1) 机械雾化
机械雾化油嘴是利用较高的油压 , 将油从喷孔中高速喷出实现雾化的。通常使用的机械雾化油嘴都是离心式油嘴。
简单机械雾化油嘴是由雾化片 : 、旋流室、分油件以及油嘴螺帽等组成 , 如图3-37 所示。
图 3-38 是机械雾化油嘴结构图。具有一定压力、温度的燃油 , 通过进油孔和均油槽进入切向槽 , 获得很高的速度 , 然 后进入旋流室。油在旋流室内产生强烈的离心旋转 , 造成槽向脉动 , 从喷孔喷出 , 形成空心锥形薄膜。由于油在紊流情 况下 , 经喷孔扩散 , 加之离心力作用 , 形成了表面张力而被粉碎成许多细小的油粒 , 达到雾化的目的。
(2) 转杯雾化
图 3-39 是转杯式油嘴。它的工作原理是燃料油通过空心转轴送到 3000~5000r/min 的高速旋转的杯形装置中 , 在离 心力的作用下 , 油在转杯中紧帖转杯内壁形成很薄的油膜 , 沿 杯口飞出 , 而被雾化成很细的油粒。与此同时 , 装在同一轴 上的风机叶片将一次风沿转杯口经导向片吹出 , 一次风旋转 方向与油滴的方向相反 , 使油滴进一步雾化。
(3) 蒸汽雾化 蒸汽雾化的原理是利用高速蒸汽通过喷射将油带出并破碎为油粒 , 再由蒸汽的膨胀和油在炉膛中受烟气加热 , 使油 粒进一步粉碎为更细的油雾。
蒸汽雾化油嘴按油和蒸汽的混合位置不同 , 可分为内混 式油嘴和外混式油嘴两种 , 蒸汽与油在喷嘴内混合的为内混 式 ; 蒸汽与油在喷嘴外混合的为外混式。
蒸汽雾化质量较好 , 油粒细而均匀 , 一般油粒的平均直径小于 100 μ mo 蒸汽雾化油嘴可燃用各种燃料油。
图 3-40 所示的 Y 形喷嘴就是蒸汽雾化喷嘴的一种。在 Y 形喷嘴中蒸汽通过内管 5 流入喷嘴头部的几个小孔 , 叫做汽孔 ; 油由外管 4 也流入喷嘴头部的另几个小孔 , 叫做油孔 ; 油和汽在 几个直径稍大一些的孔中相遇 , 这些孔叫做混合孔 ; 泊在这里和 汽流撞击 , 然后喷进炉内 , 雾化成细雾。 Y 形喷嘴的油压一般为 0.5~2.OMPa 左右 , 汽压为 0.6~1.OMPa 左右。
(4) 空气雾化
空气雾化油嘴根据所用空气压力的不同 , 分为高压、中压和低压等三类。高中压空气雾化油嘴为获得高压空气 , 必 须使用空气压缩机 , 故在锅炉上应用较少 , 在锅炉上采用的 多是如图 3-41 所示低压空气雾化油嘴。
油在较低压力下从喷嘴中喷出 , 利用速度较高的空气(约80 m/s) 从油的四周射入 , 从而将油雾化。低压空气雾化 -般用于工业锅炉上 , 所需风机压头约为 2000~7000Pa
5.调风及稳燃装置
(1)单级、两级燃烧器调风装置
1)单级燃烧器的调风装置
对于单级 (ON/OFF) 燃烧器来说 , 其风门经调试后是固定不变的。
2) 两级燃烧器的调风装置 两级燃烧器具备一个由伺服马达驱动的风门调节装置。当风门转动时 , 进气口的开度就发生变化 , 由此改变了进 风量。
图 3-42 为两级燃烧器使用的伺服马达 , 型号为 SQN30- 111, 共有四组 (I~N ) 辅助开关。在调试时 , 必须进行如 下机械调整 :
&#8226;设定小火时风门开度。号喷嘴运行 ) 一一凸轮开关 III;
&#8226;设定大火时风门开度 ( 两个喷嘴同时运行 ) 一一凸轮开关 I ;
&#8226;设定 2 号喷嘴的投运一一凸轮开关 N ;
&#8226;在上述设定后于进行烟气测试一一最终设定 III 及 I 。
凸轮 IV 不应超出调节范围 I~III 的 2/3, 否则由于风量过大 , 火焰将会被吹熄。
(2) 滑动型燃烧器的调风装置 1) 风油调节原理
凸轮机构在伺服马达的驱动下沿顺时针方向转至大火位 置 , 可调弹簧带 , 带动风门挡板连接件并为前吹扫打开风门。
在前吹扫末期 , 伺服马达驱动凸轮盘顶开油量调节阀 , 使 风门挡板转到点火负荷位置 , 在此位置上 , 油量调节器垒开 , 这就表示只有一小部分泊在喷嘴里雾化 , 大部分通过回油管 回流至油箱。与此同时 , 风门关小 , 以使供风量满足雾化油量的需要。 伺服马达驱动联动机构由小火向大火作连续运动 , 风门打开 , 油调节器关小 , 只有小部分油回流至油箱 , 其结构如 图 3-43 所示。
2) 风量调节
通过调节联动机构上的滑动螺丝 , 带动空气挡板开度 , 并 : 在各负荷点测量烟气成分 , 使风量适合油量 , 在上述调整完成后 , 要将外侧的锁紧螺钉旋紧。
3) 油量调节
用内六角扳手 , 转动内六角螺丝 , 使偏心钢片凸起或凹 下 , 通过偏心钢片来顶动油量调节器 ( 油压升高或降低 ), 从而达到油量调节的目的。风、油调节应协调进行。
(3) 稳燃装置 ( 风碟 )
安装在燃烧器的出风口 , 形如圆盘百叶窗 , 如图 3-44 所
在燃烧器风叶高速旋转的情况下 , 空气从吸风口经气道 进入稳燃盘 , 形成高速旋转气流与喷油嘴喷出的油雾 , 快速 混合成油气。
各种类型燃烧器的稳燃盘均装在出风口上 , 其位置有一 定的询节范围 , 根据燃烧器使用条件的不同 , 可进行适当的 调节 , 往里调火焰形状变尖 , 风压增高 , 出风量减小 ; 往外 调火焰形状变宽 , 风压降低 , 出风量增大。经验证明稳燃盘调整至火焰呈扩散状 , 光线不刺眼 , 呈蛋黄色为佳。
二、气体燃烧器
气体燃烧器种类较多 , 以下按空气供给方式介绍几种工业锅炉上应用较多的燃烧器。
1. 自然供风燃烧器
如图 3-45 所示 , 按炉膛形状可以选择圆形或矩形燃烧
器 , 低压燃气通过管子上的火孔流出 ,与空气事先元预混合 , 是一次空气系数α l=0 的扩散燃烧方式 , 因而也称为扩散文 燃烧器。
这种燃烧器燃烧稳定 , 运行方便 , 而且结构简单 , 可以 利用 300~400Pa 的低压燃气。但炉膛过量空气系数较大 , α= 、 1.2~1.6; 排烟热损失 q2 和气体不完全燃烧热损失 q3 偏大 ; 火焰较长 , 要求炉膛容积大 ; 燃烧速度低 , 只用于很小容量的锅炉。
2. 引射式燃烧器
它的种类繁多。按燃烧方式分 , 它有部分空气预混合的本生燃烧方式和空气预混合的无焰燃烧方式两种。所用的引射介质可以是空气 , 也可以是一定压力的燃气 , 前者需要鼓风装置。
(1) 大气式引射燃烧器
如图 3-46 所示。燃气以一定流速自喷嘴进入引射器 , 在引射器的缩口处将一次空气 ( α 1=0.45~0.65) 引入 , 两者经混合 后流向燃烧器头部 , 由直径为 2~10mm 的火孔流出 , 以本生 火焰形式燃烧。这种燃烧器也只用于小型锅炉 , 它适用于各种 低压燃气 , 而且不需要鼓风装置。但热负荷太大 , 结构笨重。
(2) 空气引射式燃烧器
如图 3-47 所示。压头为5000~600OPa 的空气经喷嘴通过引射器的缩口处时,形成负压,把低压的燃气从四个管孔吸人,两种气体在混合管中混合形成均匀的气体混合物,它流向火孔出口,并在与出口处相连接的稳焰火道中燃烧。图中所示的燃烧器是与全部燃烧空气预混合的无焰燃烧器,炉膛出口过量空气系数小,燃烧强度高,但需要鼓风装置,耗电大,适用于带有空气预热器的阻力较大的正压锅炉。
3. 鼓风式燃烧器 鼓风式燃烧器一般由分配器、燃气分流器和火道组成。种类较多,常用的有旋流式和平流式两种。
这两类燃烧器的配风器与燃油燃烧器基本相似 ,燃气分流器的基本形式为单管式和多管式。其结构简单。燃烧形成的火焰特征与通常旋流式和直流式燃油燃烧器也相似,这里 不再一一叙述。以下列举一种常用的燃气燃烧器的例子。图 3-48 是周边供气蜗壳式燃烧器。
从图中可知,空气通过蜗壳产生强烈旋转 , 后进入内筒 继续旋转向前 ,燃气由管子进入内环套 ,从内筒中部和端部 的两排小孔喷出、并与高速喷人的空气流强烈混合后进入火 道燃烧。在内筒的进口处的圆周上均布着一排曲边矩形孔,一小部分空气从这些小孔通过进入外环套,作为二次空气在内筒端部环缝流出,它有冷却燃烧器头部的作用。这种燃烧器混合强烈,燃烧完善,过量空气系数小(α =1&#8226;05),但阻力较大。
4. 进口燃气燃烧器
图 3-49 为进口燃气燃烧器构造图。主要由三部分组成 ,即气系统、风系统和控制系统 o
气系统功能是提供燃烧需要的燃气。主要由过滤器、稳 压器、压力开关、安全阀、电磁阀、流量调节阀、分配器等组成。
风系统的功能是提供燃烧所需要的一定数量和压力的空气。 : 主要由机壳、风机叶轮、风门、稳焰器 ( 配风盘 ) 、燃烧头、轴、滑杆、风门刻度盘、测压孔、燃烧头调整螺丝等组 成。控制系统的功能使燃烧器按规定的程序工作。主要由接线端子、穿线孔、控制盒、接触器、热继电器、点火变压器、点火电极、电机 ( 含伺服电机 ) 、光电管 ( 火焰传感器 ) 等组成。
控制系统的功能使燃烧器按规定的程序工作。主要由接 线端子、穿线孔、控制盒、接触器、热继电器、点火变压器、点火电极、电机(含伺服电机)、光电管、(火焰传感器)等 组成。

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参与人数 1经验 +45 化工币 +105 收起 理由
zsx + 45 + 105 热心助人,加分鼓励!^_^

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flyingquail 发表于 2008-5-5 15:35 | 显示全部楼层
这里的东西真是太好了,谢谢

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参与人数 1经验 -4 化工币 -4 收起 理由
zsx -4 -4 不按规矩出牌。

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nhxw 发表于 2009-1-4 09:46 | 显示全部楼层

回复 10# zsx 的帖子

能不能介绍一下人工点燃烧嘴的方法和注意事项。
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xiaolong29 发表于 2009-3-16 17:06 | 显示全部楼层

回复 46楼 nxycjt 的帖子

是啊有经验没知识,有知识没经验.
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