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[重点推荐] 工业炉板块专业知识扫盲普及专贴

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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-10 08:15 | 显示全部楼层
<p>我来说一下加热炉的简单控制.</p><p>由于下面的图片上传上来看不清楚.请下载word里面的图形看.<br/>&nbsp;</p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 89%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.45%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>炉出口温度与燃料油或燃料气的串级控制, 给炉出口温度一个设定值, 通过调整燃料油或燃料</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>气流量控制炉出口温度 </b></span></div></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>炉出口温度与燃料油或燃料气的串级控制, 给炉出口温度一个设定值, 通过调整燃料油或燃料</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>气流量控制炉出口温度 </b></span><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><strong></strong></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b></b></span></div><span style="FONT-SIZE: 89%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -4.05%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</b></span></div></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>炉膛负压一般采用单回路定值控制,根据炉膛内压力的高低来调整烟道挡板角度 </b></span><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><strong></strong></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b></b></span></div><span style="FONT-SIZE: 89%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.45%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></div></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>氧含量也采用单回路定值控制,根据实测的烟气中氧含量与设定的氧含量的偏差来调节进空气</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>蝶阀开度 </b></span><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp; <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 89%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.45%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;"><strong>n</strong></span></div></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">空气量随燃料量的变化存在较大滞后,燃料量已经发生了变化,而空气量只有在检测到烟气中</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">氧含量发生变化时,才由氧含量控制回路调整空气量的大小。</span></strong><br/>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;</span></strong></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 89%; FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.45%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;"><strong>n</strong></span></span><strong><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">燃料量的变化会引起炉膛内压力的变化,只有在检测到炉堂内压力变化时,才由炉膛压力控制</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">回路来调节烟道挡板角度,加热炉达到一个新的稳态需要较长的时间,影响加热炉的燃烧效果。</span></strong></div></div></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div><br/><br/>
[此贴子已经被作者于2007-4-10 0:30:42编辑过]

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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-10 08:33 | 显示全部楼层
&nbsp; <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>燃料与空气配比控制</b></span></div><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><strong>具体的控制图形见附件</strong></span></div><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font>
                        <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 133%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.27%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>通过控制空气-燃料比保持烟道中规定的氧含量可实现加热炉的</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>优化控制 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b></b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 20 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 133%; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.33%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>燃料流量与氧含量调节器的输出经过运算作为空气流量调节器</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>的设定值</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,可</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>消除空气流量随燃料流量变化的滞后</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>使加热炉</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>烟气中氧含量保持在规定的范围内</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>改善燃料流量变化过程中</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>加热炉的燃烧效果</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>使燃烧达到最佳状态</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>,</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>提高加热炉的热效</b></span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>率 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div></span></div><br/>

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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-11 05:09 | 显示全部楼层
<p>继续说加热炉的燃烧控制.</p><p>&nbsp;<span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><font size="5">油气混合燃烧控制</font></b></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><strong><font size="5">具体的控制流程图见附件,因为直接上传图形看不清楚.</font></strong></span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 28pt; COLOR: #cc3300; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#000000">&nbsp;</font><font size="4"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>瓦斯的可用性通过低值选择器受到背压调节器(PC) 的限制,其流量经压力补偿之后,在加法器中与燃料油量相加。加法器的刻度是基于</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>事先计算好且考虑了这两种燃料的发热值以及它们的流量范围。加法器的输出表示进入系统的总的热流量,该信号作为流量调节器(FC) </b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>的测量值,受炉子出口温度调节器的控制, 同时FC 的测量值也作为空气流量控制系统的输入。当背压调节器将瓦斯的可用性限制在流量</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>调节器所需的燃料量之下时,及时打开燃料油阀门,增加燃料油量,从而保证了炉出口温度在规定的范围内。同时,燃料流量的变化作为</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>空气流量控制的输入,及时地改变了空气流量大小,又保证了加热炉烟气中氧含量的稳定。达到了多烧瓦斯少烧油,降低了能耗,提高了</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 24pt; FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>加热炉热效率。</b></span></font></span></p><br/>

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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-11 05:11 | 显示全部楼层
<p>氧含量控制:</p><p>
        </p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>燃烧是一种氧化反应,若氧气不足则燃烧不完全,烟气中将带走大量CO;若氧气过量,则排烟量增多,烟气带走的热量多,同时,由于冷空气增多,一部分燃料白白消耗在为冷空气加</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>热上,降低了火焰温度,导致热效率降低。因此,氧气的量既要足够使燃料充分燃烧,又不能过剩太多,即应处于低氧(适当的) 燃烧状态。</b></span></div><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><strong></strong></span></div><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026" style="mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;">&nbsp;<div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;120 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.5%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>把氧含量作为热效率的主要控制参数,将炉膛压力作为副参数,组成串级调节系统</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>来调整烟道挡板的转角。 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;120 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.45%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>由于炉子的热效率与进料及燃料油(气) 的波动有直接或间接的联系,这些影响又集</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>中反映在炉子的出口油品温度上,为此可用炉出口温度调节燃料流量和压力并前馈</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>调节风门位置,以提高热效率。 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div></span></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-11 05:12 | 显示全部楼层
<p>&nbsp;炉膛压力控制:</p><p><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.5%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>若炉膛压力过高,则火焰窜出,影响安全,且辐射室高温烟气的热量透过炉膛大量</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>散失 </b></span></p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -4.12%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>若炉膛压力过低,则高温烟气流速加大,带走的热量多 </b></span></div></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>若炉膛压力过低,则高温烟气流速加大,带走的热量多 </b></span><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><strong></strong></span></div><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -3.45%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>炉膛压力是一个分布参数,由下向上逐渐升高,且受进风量及雾化蒸汽(燃油炉) 等</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>的影响。为准确检测炉膛压力,可在炉膛的上、中、下各取一点,取其压力平均值</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>进行控制,调节烟道挡板可有效地控制炉膛压力。 </b></span></div></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>炉膛压力是一个分布参数,由下向上逐渐升高,且受进风量及雾化蒸汽(燃油炉) 等</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>的影响。为准确检测炉膛压力,可在炉膛的上、中、下各取一点,取其压力平均值</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>进行控制,调节烟道挡板可有效地控制炉膛压力。 </b></span><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 60%; LEFT: -4.12%; COLOR: #3333cc; FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; POSITION: absolute; TOP: 0.61em; mso-special-format: bullet; mso-color-index: 7;">n</span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312;"><b>若炉膛压力过高,应启动联锁系统停炉。 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-margin-left-alt: 216; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-11 05:21 | 显示全部楼层
<p>
        </p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><font color="#f70909">加热炉运行应控制以下指标:</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                                </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1、 最终排烟温度一般应不大于170℃。如燃料含硫量偏离设计值较大,则应进行标定和烟气露点测试,然后确定加热炉合理的烟气排放温度;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2、为了保证燃烧完全,尽量降低排放烟气中的CO含量,一般应不大于100ppm;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3、对流室顶部烟气中的氧含量,燃气加热炉应控制在2%--4%,燃油加热炉应控制在3%--5%;</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 20 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span></nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4、采取有效措施控制燃料中的硫化物含量,减少排放烟气中的SO</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; POSITION: relative; TOP: 0.45em; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-text-raise: -30%;">2</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">、SO</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 13pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; POSITION: relative; TOP: 0.45em; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-text-raise: -30%;">3</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">等硫化物的含量。燃料气中总硫含量应不大于100ppm;燃料油中总硫含量应不大于1%。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:00 | 显示全部楼层
<p>下面主要说说提高加热炉热效率的手段与措施:</p><p><font color="#f70909" size="6">先说一下措施一:降低排烟温度。</font></p><p>&nbsp;<span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>排烟损失在管式炉的热损失中占有极大比例,一般情况下排烟温度每升高</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>17</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>~</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>20</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>℃,加热炉的热效率约下降</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>1%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>左右。当加热炉热效率较高(如</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>90%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>)时,排烟损失占总损失的</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>70%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>~</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>80%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>,当加热炉热效率较低(如</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>70%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>)时,排烟损失占总损失的比例高达</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>90%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>以上,因此,降低排烟温度是提高加热炉热效率的主要措施。(中石化在加热炉运行管理规定中也明确要求最终排烟温度一般应不大于</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>170</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>℃。) </b></span></p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>降低排烟温度的主要措施有以下几种: </b></span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1 </b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>减小末端温差,即减小排烟温度与被加热介质入对流室温度之差。以前末端温差一般在</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>150</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>~</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>200</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>℃,现在末端温差取</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>50</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>~</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>100</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>℃比较适宜。 </b></span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>将需要加热的低温介质引入对流室 </b></span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>有些炼油装置如常减压装置,可以把管式炉的对流段作为换热器,加入换热流程中一并优化,将一部分冷油料引入对流室末端,而将另一部分需要换热的热油品用来预热空气。这就是常讲的冷进料</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>—</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>热油预热空气的节能方案。 </b></span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>3<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>除灰除垢,以保证管式炉长期在高热效率下运转 </b></span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>不完全燃烧产生的炭粒和燃料中的灰分等烟尘均会污染对流室炉管的外表面,增加热阻,降低传热效果。随着积灰的增加,排烟温度迅速上升,热效率显著下降。为了保证管式炉长期在较高的热效率下运转,必须坚持用吹灰器定期清除积灰。 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>燃料油燃烧后,盐分会沉积在炉管外表面,特别是辐射室炉管外表面,这与积灰一样会增加热</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>阻,降低传热效果。随着积盐的增加,火墙温度增加,排烟温度也随之增加,热效率下降。所不同</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>的是积盐比积灰更难清除。目前,没有太有效的方法清除,根本的办法是减少燃料中的含盐量,即</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>要求原油脱盐达标。</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>
                                </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:00 | 显示全部楼层
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>4<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>采用空气预热器以预热空气 </b></span><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>采用空气预热器由烟气直接预热空气的优点是它自成体系,不受工艺流程的约束。在管式炉其他参数不变的情况下,空气预热温度每提高</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>20</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>℃左右,加热炉热效率约提高</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>1%</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>。值得指出的是,随着空气温度的提高,燃烧产物中的</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>NOX</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>增加,另外,空气温度过高,还可能引起燃油喷头结焦或燃烧器过大的变形等问题。一般空气预热温度不宜超过</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>300</b></span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;"><b>℃。 </b></span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>用烟气预热空气是管式加热炉回收烟气余热,提高热效率的主要方法,也是最常用的方法。 </b></span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>从理论上讲,排烟温度可以降到接近环境温度,这时可以获得最高的热效率,但在工程实际上是不可能的,因为排烟温度的降低要受经济和技术两方面的限制。随着排烟温度的降低,烟气余热回收系统的末端温差越来越小,传热效果也越来越差,回收余热的换热面积也就越来越大,一次投资迅速增加,因此必须根据经济评价确定一个经济合理的余热回收末端温差。 </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>降低排烟温度在技术方面主要受烟气露点的限制。余热回收换热面的温度必须高于烟气的露点</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>温度。否则换热面将受到露点腐蚀而损坏。另外,换热面在露点下积的灰将是</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>“</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>粘灰</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>”</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>。粘灰是很难</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>清除的。这种粘灰越积越多,烟气侧的阻力迅速增加,甚至使余热回收系统难以操作而被迫停运。</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>
                                </b></span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:04 | 显示全部楼层
&nbsp;措施之二:<div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>降低过剩空气系数以减少排烟热损失</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                                </span></nobr></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>管式炉是靠燃料燃烧供给热量的。在工业炉中,燃料不可能在化学平衡的空气量</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">(理论空气量)下完全燃烧的,总是要在有一定过剩空气量的条件下才能完全燃烧。燃</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">烧所用的实际空气量与理论空气量之比叫做过剩空气系数。一般炼油管式炉正常的过剩</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">空气系数在烧气时为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.05</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,烧油时为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.15</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.25</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">。在实际操作中,如果过剩空气量</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">增加,排烟时大量的过剩空气将热量带走排入大气,使排烟热损失增加,热效率降低。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">由于过剩的空气是在排烟温度下排入大气的,所以排烟温度越高,过剩空气带走的热量</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">就越多,对热效率的影响也就越大。在不同排烟温度下过剩空气系数每增加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">0.1</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,</span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;&nbsp; <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">过剩空气系数太大不仅使热效率降低,还有其他有害之处,例如加速炉管和炉内构件的氧化,增加对流室、提高</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">SO</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; POSITION: relative; TOP: 0.45em; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-text-raise: -30%;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">向</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">SO</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; POSITION: relative; TOP: 0.45em; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-text-raise: -30%;">3</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">的转化率从而加剧低温露点腐蚀等。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">降低过剩空气系数的方法有: </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">选用性能良好的燃烧器以及加强燃烧器的维修 </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">在操作中管好三门一板(风门、气门、油门和烟囱挡板)</span></nobr></div></div></span></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:04 | 显示全部楼层
&nbsp;<div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">封堵漏风,炼油管式炉几乎都是负压操作的,如果看火门、人孔门、弯头箱门等关闭不严或炉墙有泄露之处。从这些地方漏入炉内的空气一般都不参与燃烧而白白带走热量。平常通俗讲,针眼的孔,斗大的风。不能轻视堵漏问题,据国外资料介绍对一台</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">29.26MW</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">的加热炉,在辐射段炉底每平方英尺(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">930cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; POSITION: relative; TOP: -0.45em; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-text-raise: 30%;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">)漏缝即可导致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">2832m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; POSITION: relative; TOP: -0.45em; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-text-raise: 30%;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">/h</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">的空气漏入,使过剩空气率增加</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">8%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">,并使加热炉热效率下降</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">。从另一角度讲,折合一下即</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">4 cm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; POSITION: relative; TOP: -0.45em; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-text-raise: 30%;">2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">漏缝即可导致</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">12.2m</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; POSITION: relative; TOP: -0.45em; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-text-raise: 30%;">3</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">/h</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">的空气漏入,这样的空气漏入量够</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1kg</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">燃料油在过剩空气系数为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.2</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">时燃烧所用空气量。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>4 </span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">完善监测控制系统 </span></nobr></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>根据对烟气含氧监测控制加热炉的抽力和进风量是炼厂传统作法。但是,由于加热</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">炉漏风的影响,烟气中的含氧量可能增高甚多,因此,认为单独或主要依靠烟气含氧分</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">析进行加热炉的进风控制是不够完善的。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:05 | 显示全部楼层
措施三: <div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>减少不完全燃烧损失</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                                </span></nobr></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">由于不完全燃烧而造成的化学热损失,,一方面降低热效率,另外造成大气污染。机械不完全燃烧产生的炭粒还会造成对流室炉管表面积灰,影响传热效果。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">减少不完全燃烧损失的措施首先是选用性能良好的燃烧器并精心维护。目前加热炉不完全燃烧损失一般都较少。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: '100 50 0'; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">左右。</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:06 | 显示全部楼层
<p>措施四:</p><p><nobr><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>减少散热损失</b></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></nobr></p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">管式炉外壁以辐射和对流两种方式向大气散热。散热量与炉外壁温度、环境温度和风速等有关。当内壁温度一定时,炉墙材质、结构和尺寸也一定时,环境温度下降,炉外壁温度也降低,实际温差变化不大,散热损失变化也不大。同样,环境风速增加,外壁温度也降低,但对流传热系数增加,因此散热量变化也不大。也就是说,环境温度和风速对炉外壁温度影响较大,而对散热损失虽然有影响,但是影响并不大。 </span></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>目前新建的炼油管式炉的热损失并不大,一般仅占炉子总供热量的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">1.5</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">~</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">3%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">。但对</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">于已经使用多年,炉墙已有损坏的炉子,及时修补炉墙对减少散热损失,提高热效率却</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">是很有必要的。用表面热流计,我曾经测试过几台旧的加热炉,最高的表面散热损失为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN;">6%</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">左右</span></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:07 | 显示全部楼层
<p>措施五:</p><p>&nbsp;<nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>强化对流段</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></nobr></p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">增大对流段热负荷占加热炉总负荷的比重,可以降低辐射段的操作强度和排烟温度,因之缓和了加热炉热效率对过剩空气系数的敏感性,提高了加热炉热效率和扩大加热炉能力。增强加热炉对流段的能力,除了在工艺流程上采用冷进料等措施外,在设备方面常用的措施如下: </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>1<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">扩大对流段换热面积</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">首先考虑利用对流段的预留或多余空间增加管排数目。用翅片管或钉头管代替原来的光管。 </span></div><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span>2<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">加强清灰</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span></nobr></div><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:07 | 显示全部楼层
<p>措施六:</p><p>&nbsp;<nobr><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>使用辐射涂料强化辐射传热</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">
                        </span></nobr></p><div class="O" vshape="_x0000_s1026"><div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;">使用碳化硅辐射涂料涂抹在炉壁上是石油加热炉的一项新的节能技术,起特点是简单、易行,不消耗动力。日本在这方面应用较多。</span></div></div>
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ppfans0722 发表于 2007-4-13 20:08 | 显示全部楼层
<p>措施七:</p><p>&nbsp;<span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"><b>改进燃烧器</b></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"> 。不多罗嗦。</span></p><p><span style="FONT-SIZE: 20pt; FONT-FAMILY: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体;"></span></p><div style="mso-line-spacing: &quot;100 50 0&quot;; mso-char-wrap: 1; mso-kinsoku-overflow: 1;"></div>
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